The Secret History of the Tripartite Alliance
Ribbentrop（Episode１０）
Verona, Nuremberg, Tokyo
Against the background of social unrest after World War I, Mussolini, who had already taken power in 1922 with his March on Rome, initially despised Hitler, a low-class worker in Vienna who had no educational background. Around the time of Hitler's second visit to Italy after taking power, the situation began to reverse. Influenced by Hitler's subsequent diplomatic successes, he intervened in the Spanish Civil War, made Albania a protectorate, and went on to neutralize at World War II. After entering the war, Italy was no match for Germany in terms of national strength and military morale. Hitler's lofty ideals prompted Mussolini to be an Octavian, who wanted to recreate the prosperity of the Roman Empire as it was in the past, and to make the Mediterranean coast entirely Italian. However, as early as 1941, he stumbled in Greece and struggled against the British in North Africa, leading to the appearance of German General Rommel. Although it also declared war on the Soviet Union, Germany, like other allied countries, saw it only as an auxiliary force and only played a role of flank support, but like the Romanian and Hungarian forces, the Soviet Union targeted it to break the front. It turned out to be a disgrace. In such a situation, it was too much spoiled to ask Hitler to spare the German army for the confrontation with Britain and the United States, which should have made peace with the Soviet Union, and for the defense of Italy. Moreover, Count Ciano, the husband of Mussolini's daughter Edda, was completely distrusted by Germany. Hitler called Ciano a "disgusting young man". In the first place, Ciano was Mussolini's messenger rather than foreign minister. That makes it very difficult to evaluate him. Both husband and wife openly had mistresses, and Mrs. Edda's love affair with General Zhang Xueliang when she was stationed in Shanghai is particularly famous. It seems that they were consistently against reckless policies of Germany. He seems to have hinted to his father-in-law that he should cut ties with Germany, but was ignored.
During the founding of the country, the Kingdom of Italy successfully switched from pro-France policy to pro-Germany policy and recovered Italy which had not been recovered one after another. became a victorious nation. How was it at World War II? Bewildered by the expansion of Germany's territorial recovery, participation in the Spanish Civil War, Albania becoming a protectorate,declaration of neutrality at Germany‘s invasion of Poland,and participation in the war against Britain and France just before the surrender of France may have been smooth, but from the invasion of British Egypt on the premise of the collapse of Britain by Germany. The scenario has gone crazy. In Egypt, the 10th Army was devastated due to the lack of supply and motorization of the army, and the subsequent invasion of Greece also failed, resulting in the assistance of the German army. It was good while the Germans were winning, but with the destruction of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad and the defeat of Rommel's army at El Alamein in Egypt, Germany's defeat was in sight. Unlike in case of World War I.Italy could not successfully switch to the Allied Powers’side. Large-scale general strikes occurred frequently, mainly in Milan and Turin in the north, and along with this, movements demanding a ceasefire to restore the sovereignty of the king Vittorio Emanuele 3rd were increasing. With the surrender of German and Italian forces in Tunisia in May 1943 and the landing of Allied forces in Sicily in July, a movement was underway within the military to seek a truce before fighting on the Italian mainland. Hitler was also well aware of the situation in Italy, and in April 1943 he held talks with Mussolini in Salzburg and in Feltre in July, but the talks were just Hitler's solo performances for more thantwo hours. Just then, the news of the first air raid on Rome came in, and it was no longer just the stairs. The Fascist Grand Council, which had not been held since 1939, was held on July 25, bringing together Marshal Badoglio, Marshal De Bono, and Mussolini's son-in-law, former Foreign Minister Ciano, under the command of King Emanuele 3rd of Italy. After a vote of 19 to 8, decided to restore the constitutional monarchy, Mussolini, who was summoned to the royal palace after midnight, was dismissed on the spot, arrested, put on an ambulance and taken to the police station. This information was immediately picked up by Germany, and on the 27th, at an emergency meeting at the Führer's Headquarters "Wolf's Lair" in Rastenburg, East Prussia, it was decided to cancel the summer offensive on the Eastern Front and to order four operations against Italy. . (1) Operation "oak" Rescue of Mussolini (2) Operation "Student" Occupation of Rome (3) Operation "Black" Occupation of all Italy (4) Operation "Axis" Handing over the Italian fleet to Germany. Such a response by the German side was of course expected, so it was possible to blow up the tunnel on the former Austrian border with Italy, but it was impossible to carry out because it was divided between whether to side with the German side or the Allied side. Especially in (3), the arrival north of Rome of the elite troops with the heavy tank "Tiger" from the Eastern Front was very early. As for (1), they moved several islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, but the Germans were quick to detect them, and in the end they were confined to the summit of Gran Sasso in the Apennine Mountains. A special unit glider commanded by SS Lieutenant Colonel Otto Skorzeny,“the most dangerous man in Europe”by Churchill, “ good information all from you”by Hitler, who received direct orders from Hitler,jumping over his superiors,Himmler,Kartenbrunner and Schellenberg, succeeded in rescuing Mussolini without firing a single shot. There were quite a few people in the police who were attached to the German side, so Mussolini's whereabouts must have been transmitted to the German side immediately. Under these circumstances, negotiations between the military and the Allied Powers were extremely difficult, but General Castellano and others succeeded in negotiations in Portugal via the land route in southern France, returned safely to Rome, and returned to Sicily this time. At Cassibile, near Syracuse, he reached a truce with Eisenhower, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces.. With five Italian divisions and two German divisions around Rome, the commanders Kesselring and others were relieved that the Italians had been disarmed peacefully and that the Allies had landed in Salerno,200 km of Rome. General Rommel occupied all of Italy and the rescued Mussolini created a new Italian Social Republic in Gardano on the shores of Lake Garda in the north, but it was completely a German puppet government. Field Marshal Gracciani and others who joined the army formed an army with German-style training, and it became a fierce battle with the Allied forces advancing northward, delaying the Allied force's advance northward and increasing the number of casualties. The Battle of Montecassino, which lasted for half a year, is famous, but there were many casualties in the battle on the Gothic Line north of Rome, but on the Allied side, the casualties of Japanese and African peoples were especially remarkable, and later in the 1950s. It became an opportunity for the equality movement of colored races to start from. In the end, the Allied arrival in Milan and the German surrender were almost the same. Due to the German occupation of Italy in September 1943, King Emanuele III and Marshal Badoglio managed to escape from Rome, but many failed to escape. Among them, the former Foreign Minister Ciano was invited by the German side and stayed in Munich with his family, but was arrested and confined in Verona because he was planning to defect to Spain. Reprisal against the traitor on 24 July was Hitler's strictest order, and the suspect was imprisoned in Verona, where he was put on a show trial in January 1944. Knowing this, Chiano's wife decided to rescue her husband, and decided to use her diary, which contained many contents disadvantageous to the German side, for her deal. Kaltenbrunner, the RSHA director, and Schellenberg, the director of the Foreign Intelligence Service who also serves as the Defense Intelligence Agency, agreed to accept this deal, but Hitler rejected it halfway through. The "Earl" operation to hand over to the German side ended in failure. On the morning of January 11, Mussolini pleaded with General Wolff, the SS representative stationed in Italy, to expel Ciano, but at 9:20 he was shot with his back turned, probably because he was made to seem like a traitor. . Even so, the former Foreign Minister Ciano seemed to be struggling to get behind. Her husband's murdered wife, Edda, hid her husband's diary in her skirt and somehow succeeded in entering Switzerland, which she immediately made public through an American newspaper. Mussolini, who had been rescued, would have been utterly depressed and aged and had nothing left to lose. At Gardano SS General Dietrich brought his mistress Clara petacci with him, which would have been the least consolation. On July 20, 1944, the day of the assassination attempt, he had his 14th and final meeting with Hitler at the Wolf‘s Lair in Rastenburg, but was silently engaged in quarrels with high-ranking Nazi officials. He was found and shot when the German army returned to his home country after the armistice negotiations between General Wolff and Allen Dulles in Switzerland, and was carried upside down in Milan with his mistress Clara Petacci on April 29, 1945, the day before Hitler committed suicide.
Hitler, Ribbentrop, Göring, and others, whom Edda tried to settle with her husband's diary, would have been put to death without this diary. The charges at the Nuremberg Trials after the war can be broadly divided into aggression and war, and acts against humanity, but it is clear that all three are completely guilty, and that Nazi leader should be executed without trial was even considered. Even Foreign Minister Ribbentrop, who was described by Ciano as a "stupid", would have been convinced of Germany's defeat after the failure of the 1943 summer offensive on the Eastern front and Italy's surrender. If that happened, he should have been fully aware that he himself would not be satisfied. Many officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, such as Ambassador Schulenburg and Ambassador Hassel to Italy, participated in the attempted assassination of Hitler on July 20, 1944. No more than one-third of the diplomats were politically appointed from the Ribbentrop Institute and were not professional diplomats. By 1944, occupiers and protectorates were dropping out one after another, leaving the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with nothing to do except deporting Jews. In 1945, when the Soviet army reached the Oder River, Ribbentrop had his wife, Annelise, meet with Ms. Kolontay, the Soviet ambassador to Sweden, to negotiate with him in order to realize a German-Soviet truce. He proposed to Hitler that he would take him as a hostage and negotiate, but was rejected, saying, ``Please stop acting like Hess.'' Hiroshi Oshima, the Japanese ambassador to Germany, went out of his way to call General Onodera Shin, military attaché stationed in Sweden, to Berlin to ask for a German-Soviet truce in Sweden, but the Soviet side did not respond at all. Deportations of Jews and reprisals for the July 20, 1944 incident continued right up to the surrender. The former was the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs Second Bureau, which was a reorganization of the former German Bureau under Luther's control. Sending Ambassador to Germany Hiroshi Oshima and his party to the safe resort town of Bad Gastein in Austria after a small farewell party, attending Hitler's 56th birthday on April 20, Denmark, where the North Command is located Headed to Flensburg, near the border. Admiral Dönitz, who was appointed president by Hitler, was disheartened by the appointment of former Minister of Finance and Rhodes Scholar of Oxford University as Count von Klozik. Just after the war!he returned to being a businessman in Hamburg, kept in touch with his acquaintances, dressed in a navy blue double-breasted suit and put on a Homburg hat, and tried to reintegrate into society. In the early morning hours of June 14, 1945, he was raided his apartment by British forces who had been tipped off, arrested him and taken him to a hotel in Mondorf, Luxembourg. There were many familiar faces there. Goering, Hess Keitel, Jodl, Kaltenbrunner, Speer, Doenitz and others. He was transferred to Nuerunberg in August. Ribbentrop, who was fully found guilty of crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity, faced the death penalty along with Goering and Kaltenbrunner. Even at this point, his loyalty to Hitler remained unwavering, and he said during the trial, "If the Führer is here and orders me, I will do it." In the end, Ribbentrop was indicted and convicted, but it was a memorandum to Hitler dated January 2, 1938, assisted by his wife Annelise, or ambassador's report A5522, involvement in the Sudeten question, involvement in the Polish question. , was an order to all Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials concerning Jewish deportation assistance. A5522 was a joint work of the husband and wife immediately after Neurath's retirement at the end of 1937 and his reprimand for his appointment as foreign minister. On October 1, 1946, he was sentenced to be hanged along with eleven others. In the days that followed, he wrote his memoirs and court protests, the former later published by his wife, mostly in his defense. There were many rumors as to where the place of execution would be, but it ended up being inside the gymnasium. Around this time, his eldest son, Rudolf, also served as an officer in the Waffen-SS. was allowed a final visit on parole. He wrote his last letter to Rudolph the day before, and to Annelise the day before. On October 16, 1946, at 1:00 a.m.,he was handcuffed and headed to the execution ground in the gymnasium with a new minister, an American soldier, and a lawyer. Ribbentrop was the first to be hanged because Goering had committed suicide with cyanide that he had brought with him or was wearing just before his execution. It took him ten minutes to run out of breath and he died after a cotton pad was put in his nose, and the execution of the other defendants was generally poorly executed. Although the Nuerunberg Trials ended, there were 12 subsequent trials, the most notable of which was the Ministeries Trial. Foreign Ministry officials such as Undersecretary Weizsacker, Undersecretary Steengracht, Head of Political Division Woermann, who played golf when Ribbentrop was ambassador to the UK, and Woermann‘s subordinate Erdmannsdorf were convicted. Walter Schellenberg, the director of the foreign intelligence department of the RSHA 6th Bureau, who has appeared frequently in 10 episodes, was also sentenced to six years in prison, but despite the fact that senior SS officials were being sentenced to death one after another, he was released because the sentence had passed and the sentence was too light. It is said that Coco Chanel was responsible for the death of a guest and the funeral. Not only within the SS of Himmler and Heydrich, but also other organizations such as Foreign Minister Ribbentrop, Military Intelligence Director Canalis, whom he called "my son", and Finance Minister Krosik, and the Swedish Count Bernadotte who negotiated a truce with him at the end of the war. A handsome lawyer who was also liked by Chanel and others. He can be said to be very mysterious. I would like to take up Schellenberg at a later date if I have the opportunity.
On April 14, 1945, General Hiroshi Oshima, the "German Ambassador to Germany" who was close to Ribbentrop, was in the Tiergarten district of Berlin on April 14, 1945. , left an embassy which was full of a variety of remembrances where Propaganda Minister J.Goebbels even performed Beethoven's piano sonata "Pathetique"after supper. They managed to arrive at the Kaiserhof Hotel in Bad Gastein, Austria, via Dresden, which was in ruins after being bombed, avoiding the Soviet forces that were besieging Berlin. It was a haven for high-ranking Nazi officials and their families, and food was plentiful and a different world. Even so, there weren't many snacks that General Oshima liked, so he had a young assistant diplomat, Bunroku Yoshino, who was besieged in Berlin, risk his life to bring snacks while avoiding machine-gun fire from the American air-forces. Not long ago there were reports that the famous retired Field Marshal Bock had been killed in a machine gun fire while fleeing East Prussia to the west. It seems that the general thought that Germany could still hold out because of the rumored Alpine fortress and Admiral Doenitz in Flensburg to the north, but the admiral chose the path of surrender after Hitler's suicide. On May 11, 1945, some staff members insisted on resistance to the stationed American forces, but Oshima took up their weapons and surrendered. It was in America, where he was escorted, that he learned of Japan's surrender. From Seattle Port on the West Coast, he was escorted to Japan with his wife Toyoko, other museum staff and Japanese civilians, including Hidemaro Konoe, the half-brother of Fumimaro Konoe, the conductor, and Nejiko Suwa, a violinist. When he returned to Japan in December 1945, it seems that he was saying to those around him that he would become a politician. Soon after that,he was arrested and accommodated to Sugamo Prison as one of class A war criminals.Among them were former Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka, who was seriously ill, and Toshio Shiratori, who had contributed to the conclusion of the Tripartite Alliance with Hiroshi Oshima. The latter has no outstanding posts other than the ambassador to Italy, but was frequently requested by the reformist faction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the army to assume the position of vice-minister for foreign affairs, and the ambassador to Italy was also to fend off such requests. The Tripartite group of three had become an outlier from the other defendants, much like Kaltenbrunner in Nuerunberg Trials, who represented the SS at the Trials. In 1978, Class-A war criminals were also enshrined at Yasukuni Shrine, and this is often seen in Emperor Showa's dislike for defendants in relation to Tripartite Alliance."So were Matsuoka, even Shiratori". Yosuke Matsuoka died of illness during the trial, and Toshio Shiratori,said ``A happy boy born in Satsuma, whose name is Iwao Oyama,a happy boy born in Kazusa,whose name is Toshio Shiratori“ . Because of his extreme behavior before and during the war, Toshio Shiratori was seen as "Goebbels of Japan" and was sentenced to life imprisonment, but died of cancer the following year, Hiroshi Oshima. He escaped the death penalty by one vote and was sentenced to life imprisonment. In 1955, he was released on parole and retired to Chigasaki,Kanagawa prefecture. He refused a request from the Liberal Democratic Party to run for political office, saying, "I am a man who misled the country." It seems that he was asking himself why his judgment was wrong. As many people say, ``There was no one who favored Germany that much.'' This may have overlapped with the misfortune of the Hitler era.
During the founding of the country, the Kingdom of Italy successfully switched from pro-France policy to pro-Germany policy and recovered Italy which had not been recovered one after another. became a victorious nation. How was it at World War II? Bewildered by the expansion of Germany's territorial recovery, participation in the Spanish Civil War, Albania becoming a protectorate,declaration of neutrality at Germany‘s invasion of Poland,and participation in the war against Britain and France just before the surrender of France may have been smooth, but from the invasion of British Egypt on the premise of the collapse of Britain by Germany. The scenario has gone crazy. In Egypt, the 10th Army was devastated due to the lack of supply and motorization of the army, and the subsequent invasion of Greece also failed, resulting in the assistance of the German army. It was good while the Germans were winning, but with the destruction of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad and the defeat of Rommel's army at El Alamein in Egypt, Germany's defeat was in sight. Unlike in case of World War I.Italy could not successfully switch to the Allied Powers’side. Large-scale general strikes occurred frequently, mainly in Milan and Turin in the north, and along with this, movements demanding a ceasefire to restore the sovereignty of the king Vittorio Emanuele 3rd were increasing. With the surrender of German and Italian forces in Tunisia in May 1943 and the landing of Allied forces in Sicily in July, a movement was underway within the military to seek a truce before fighting on the Italian mainland. Hitler was also well aware of the situation in Italy, and in April 1943 he held talks with Mussolini in Salzburg and in Feltre in July, but the talks were just Hitler's solo performances for more thantwo hours. Just then, the news of the first air raid on Rome came in, and it was no longer just the stairs. The Fascist Grand Council, which had not been held since 1939, was held on July 25, bringing together Marshal Badoglio, Marshal De Bono, and Mussolini's son-in-law, former Foreign Minister Ciano, under the command of King Emanuele 3rd of Italy. After a vote of 19 to 8, decided to restore the constitutional monarchy, Mussolini, who was summoned to the royal palace after midnight, was dismissed on the spot, arrested, put on an ambulance and taken to the police station. This information was immediately picked up by Germany, and on the 27th, at an emergency meeting at the Führer's Headquarters "Wolf's Lair" in Rastenburg, East Prussia, it was decided to cancel the summer offensive on the Eastern Front and to order four operations against Italy. . (1) Operation "oak" Rescue of Mussolini (2) Operation "Student" Occupation of Rome (3) Operation "Black" Occupation of all Italy (4) Operation "Axis" Handing over the Italian fleet to Germany. Such a response by the German side was of course expected, so it was possible to blow up the tunnel on the former Austrian border with Italy, but it was impossible to carry out because it was divided between whether to side with the German side or the Allied side. Especially in (3), the arrival north of Rome of the elite troops with the heavy tank "Tiger" from the Eastern Front was very early. As for (1), they moved several islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, but the Germans were quick to detect them, and in the end they were confined to the summit of Gran Sasso in the Apennine Mountains. A special unit glider commanded by SS Lieutenant Colonel Otto Skorzeny,“the most dangerous man in Europe”by Churchill, “ good information all from you”by Hitler, who received direct orders from Hitler,jumping over his superiors,Himmler,Kartenbrunner and Schellenberg, succeeded in rescuing Mussolini without firing a single shot. There were quite a few people in the police who were attached to the German side, so Mussolini's whereabouts must have been transmitted to the German side immediately. Under these circumstances, negotiations between the military and the Allied Powers were extremely difficult, but General Castellano and others succeeded in negotiations in Portugal via the land route in southern France, returned safely to Rome, and returned to Sicily this time. At Cassibile, near Syracuse, he reached a truce with Eisenhower, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces.. With five Italian divisions and two German divisions around Rome, the commanders Kesselring and others were relieved that the Italians had been disarmed peacefully and that the Allies had landed in Salerno,200 km of Rome. General Rommel occupied all of Italy and the rescued Mussolini created a new Italian Social Republic in Gardano on the shores of Lake Garda in the north, but it was completely a German puppet government. Field Marshal Gracciani and others who joined the army formed an army with German-style training, and it became a fierce battle with the Allied forces advancing northward, delaying the Allied force's advance northward and increasing the number of casualties. The Battle of Montecassino, which lasted for half a year, is famous, but there were many casualties in the battle on the Gothic Line north of Rome, but on the Allied side, the casualties of Japanese and African peoples were especially remarkable, and later in the 1950s. It became an opportunity for the equality movement of colored races to start from. In the end, the Allied arrival in Milan and the German surrender were almost the same. Due to the German occupation of Italy in September 1943, King Emanuele III and Marshal Badoglio managed to escape from Rome, but many failed to escape. Among them, the former Foreign Minister Ciano was invited by the German side and stayed in Munich with his family, but was arrested and confined in Verona because he was planning to defect to Spain. Reprisal against the traitor on 24 July was Hitler's strictest order, and the suspect was imprisoned in Verona, where he was put on a show trial in January 1944. Knowing this, Chiano's wife decided to rescue her husband, and decided to use her diary, which contained many contents disadvantageous to the German side, for her deal. Kaltenbrunner, the RSHA director, and Schellenberg, the director of the Foreign Intelligence Service who also serves as the Defense Intelligence Agency, agreed to accept this deal, but Hitler rejected it halfway through. The "Earl" operation to hand over to the German side ended in failure. On the morning of January 11, Mussolini pleaded with General Wolff, the SS representative stationed in Italy, to expel Ciano, but at 9:20 he was shot with his back turned, probably because he was made to seem like a traitor. . Even so, the former Foreign Minister Ciano seemed to be struggling to get behind. Her husband's murdered wife, Edda, hid her husband's diary in her skirt and somehow succeeded in entering Switzerland, which she immediately made public through an American newspaper. Mussolini, who had been rescued, would have been utterly depressed and aged and had nothing left to lose. At Gardano SS General Dietrich brought his mistress Clara petacci with him, which would have been the least consolation. On July 20, 1944, the day of the assassination attempt, he had his 14th and final meeting with Hitler at the Wolf‘s Lair in Rastenburg, but was silently engaged in quarrels with high-ranking Nazi officials. He was found and shot when the German army returned to his home country after the armistice negotiations between General Wolff and Allen Dulles in Switzerland, and was carried upside down in Milan with his mistress Clara Petacci on April 29, 1945, the day before Hitler committed suicide.
Hitler, Ribbentrop, Göring, and others, whom Edda tried to settle with her husband's diary, would have been put to death without this diary. The charges at the Nuremberg Trials after the war can be broadly divided into aggression and war, and acts against humanity, but it is clear that all three are completely guilty, and that Nazi leader should be executed without trial was even considered. Even Foreign Minister Ribbentrop, who was described by Ciano as a "stupid", would have been convinced of Germany's defeat after the failure of the 1943 summer offensive on the Eastern front and Italy's surrender. If that happened, he should have been fully aware that he himself would not be satisfied. Many officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, such as Ambassador Schulenburg and Ambassador Hassel to Italy, participated in the attempted assassination of Hitler on July 20, 1944. No more than one-third of the diplomats were politically appointed from the Ribbentrop Institute and were not professional diplomats. By 1944, occupiers and protectorates were dropping out one after another, leaving the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with nothing to do except deporting Jews. In 1945, when the Soviet army reached the Oder River, Ribbentrop had his wife, Annelise, meet with Ms. Kolontay, the Soviet ambassador to Sweden, to negotiate with him in order to realize a German-Soviet truce. He proposed to Hitler that he would take him as a hostage and negotiate, but was rejected, saying, ``Please stop acting like Hess.'' Hiroshi Oshima, the Japanese ambassador to Germany, went out of his way to call General Onodera Shin, military attaché stationed in Sweden, to Berlin to ask for a German-Soviet truce in Sweden, but the Soviet side did not respond at all. Deportations of Jews and reprisals for the July 20, 1944 incident continued right up to the surrender. The former was the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs Second Bureau, which was a reorganization of the former German Bureau under Luther's control. Sending Ambassador to Germany Hiroshi Oshima and his party to the safe resort town of Bad Gastein in Austria after a small farewell party, attending Hitler's 56th birthday on April 20, Denmark, where the North Command is located Headed to Flensburg, near the border. Admiral Dönitz, who was appointed president by Hitler, was disheartened by the appointment of former Minister of Finance and Rhodes Scholar of Oxford University as Count von Klozik. Just after the war!he returned to being a businessman in Hamburg, kept in touch with his acquaintances, dressed in a navy blue double-breasted suit and put on a Homburg hat, and tried to reintegrate into society. In the early morning hours of June 14, 1945, he was raided his apartment by British forces who had been tipped off, arrested him and taken him to a hotel in Mondorf, Luxembourg. There were many familiar faces there. Goering, Hess Keitel, Jodl, Kaltenbrunner, Speer, Doenitz and others. He was transferred to Nuerunberg in August. Ribbentrop, who was fully found guilty of crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity, faced the death penalty along with Goering and Kaltenbrunner. Even at this point, his loyalty to Hitler remained unwavering, and he said during the trial, "If the Führer is here and orders me, I will do it." In the end, Ribbentrop was indicted and convicted, but it was a memorandum to Hitler dated January 2, 1938, assisted by his wife Annelise, or ambassador's report A5522, involvement in the Sudeten question, involvement in the Polish question. , was an order to all Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials concerning Jewish deportation assistance. A5522 was a joint work of the husband and wife immediately after Neurath's retirement at the end of 1937 and his reprimand for his appointment as foreign minister. On October 1, 1946, he was sentenced to be hanged along with eleven others. In the days that followed, he wrote his memoirs and court protests, the former later published by his wife, mostly in his defense. There were many rumors as to where the place of execution would be, but it ended up being inside the gymnasium. Around this time, his eldest son, Rudolf, also served as an officer in the Waffen-SS. was allowed a final visit on parole. He wrote his last letter to Rudolph the day before, and to Annelise the day before. On October 16, 1946, at 1:00 a.m.,he was handcuffed and headed to the execution ground in the gymnasium with a new minister, an American soldier, and a lawyer. Ribbentrop was the first to be hanged because Goering had committed suicide with cyanide that he had brought with him or was wearing just before his execution. It took him ten minutes to run out of breath and he died after a cotton pad was put in his nose, and the execution of the other defendants was generally poorly executed. Although the Nuerunberg Trials ended, there were 12 subsequent trials, the most notable of which was the Ministeries Trial. Foreign Ministry officials such as Undersecretary Weizsacker, Undersecretary Steengracht, Head of Political Division Woermann, who played golf when Ribbentrop was ambassador to the UK, and Woermann‘s subordinate Erdmannsdorf were convicted. Walter Schellenberg, the director of the foreign intelligence department of the RSHA 6th Bureau, who has appeared frequently in 10 episodes, was also sentenced to six years in prison, but despite the fact that senior SS officials were being sentenced to death one after another, he was released because the sentence had passed and the sentence was too light. It is said that Coco Chanel was responsible for the death of a guest and the funeral. Not only within the SS of Himmler and Heydrich, but also other organizations such as Foreign Minister Ribbentrop, Military Intelligence Director Canalis, whom he called "my son", and Finance Minister Krosik, and the Swedish Count Bernadotte who negotiated a truce with him at the end of the war. A handsome lawyer who was also liked by Chanel and others. He can be said to be very mysterious. I would like to take up Schellenberg at a later date if I have the opportunity.
On April 14, 1945, General Hiroshi Oshima, the "German Ambassador to Germany" who was close to Ribbentrop, was in the Tiergarten district of Berlin on April 14, 1945. , left an embassy which was full of a variety of remembrances where Propaganda Minister J.Goebbels even performed Beethoven's piano sonata "Pathetique"after supper. They managed to arrive at the Kaiserhof Hotel in Bad Gastein, Austria, via Dresden, which was in ruins after being bombed, avoiding the Soviet forces that were besieging Berlin. It was a haven for high-ranking Nazi officials and their families, and food was plentiful and a different world. Even so, there weren't many snacks that General Oshima liked, so he had a young assistant diplomat, Bunroku Yoshino, who was besieged in Berlin, risk his life to bring snacks while avoiding machine-gun fire from the American air-forces. Not long ago there were reports that the famous retired Field Marshal Bock had been killed in a machine gun fire while fleeing East Prussia to the west. It seems that the general thought that Germany could still hold out because of the rumored Alpine fortress and Admiral Doenitz in Flensburg to the north, but the admiral chose the path of surrender after Hitler's suicide. On May 11, 1945, some staff members insisted on resistance to the stationed American forces, but Oshima took up their weapons and surrendered. It was in America, where he was escorted, that he learned of Japan's surrender. From Seattle Port on the West Coast, he was escorted to Japan with his wife Toyoko, other museum staff and Japanese civilians, including Hidemaro Konoe, the half-brother of Fumimaro Konoe, the conductor, and Nejiko Suwa, a violinist. When he returned to Japan in December 1945, it seems that he was saying to those around him that he would become a politician. Soon after that,he was arrested and accommodated to Sugamo Prison as one of class A war criminals.Among them were former Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka, who was seriously ill, and Toshio Shiratori, who had contributed to the conclusion of the Tripartite Alliance with Hiroshi Oshima. The latter has no outstanding posts other than the ambassador to Italy, but was frequently requested by the reformist faction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the army to assume the position of vice-minister for foreign affairs, and the ambassador to Italy was also to fend off such requests. The Tripartite group of three had become an outlier from the other defendants, much like Kaltenbrunner in Nuerunberg Trials, who represented the SS at the Trials. In 1978, Class-A war criminals were also enshrined at Yasukuni Shrine, and this is often seen in Emperor Showa's dislike for defendants in relation to Tripartite Alliance."So were Matsuoka, even Shiratori". Yosuke Matsuoka died of illness during the trial, and Toshio Shiratori,said ``A happy boy born in Satsuma, whose name is Iwao Oyama,a happy boy born in Kazusa,whose name is Toshio Shiratori“ . Because of his extreme behavior before and during the war, Toshio Shiratori was seen as "Goebbels of Japan" and was sentenced to life imprisonment, but died of cancer the following year, Hiroshi Oshima. He escaped the death penalty by one vote and was sentenced to life imprisonment. In 1955, he was released on parole and retired to Chigasaki,Kanagawa prefecture. He refused a request from the Liberal Democratic Party to run for political office, saying, "I am a man who misled the country." It seems that he was asking himself why his judgment was wrong. As many people say, ``There was no one who favored Germany that much.'' This may have overlapped with the misfortune of the Hitler era.
Schellenberg Final Episode
By 1944, General SS absorbed the Intelligence Department of the German National Defense Force and was the highest rank of the intelligence agency, because he was favored by SS chef Himmler, he was not appointed as the commander of the Einsatzgruppen, who were obliged to sure of the death penalty after the war, and the success of his subordinate Skoltzeny,such as the rescue of Mussolini.As a result, the end of the war has reached a high position and the avoidance of the death penalty has been seen. The intellectuals that Heidlich brought in, Schellenberg, West, Ohrendorf and others were outnumbered after Heitrich's assassination, but due to the deterioration of the war situation, Schellenberg made good use of Himmler's indecision. It was planned to partially release the Jews after the withdrawal from the concentration camp in exchange for money. With the arrival of the Oder River by the Soviet Red army's large offensive in January 1945, the progress was slow because the diplomatic negotiations with the Swedish Red Cross Vernadotte had to be kept secret from Hitler and Ribbentrop. It was difficult due to the pressure of Kaltenbrunner and Gestapo's director Mueller, who thought that they should take to the Hell as many Jews as possible with them. The stage of negotiations moved from Berlin in January 1945, which was the worst bombing of World War II, to the Swedish consulate along the Baltic Sea. Vernadotte had a good impression of Schellenberg and made every effort to rescue as many Jews as possible. The most important thing was that Himmler agreed in April, and all he could do was to make Germany surrender (preferably only to the West) as soon as possible. When Hitler learned of Himmler's surrender just before his suicide, he also dismissed Schellenberg, who obeyed him, and executed his brother-in-law Fegelein as a close aide. Still, Schellenberg, who did not give up, traveled back and forth between northern Germany, Denmark and Sweden and was arrested in Denmark after the surrender of Germany.
By 1944, General SS absorbed the Intelligence Department of the German National Defense Force and was the highest rank of the intelligence agency, because he was favored by SS chef Himmler, he was not appointed as the commander of the Einsatzgruppen, who were obliged to sure of the death penalty after the war, and the success of his subordinate Skoltzeny,such as the rescue of Mussolini.As a result, the end of the war has reached a high position and the avoidance of the death penalty has been seen. The intellectuals that Heidlich brought in, Schellenberg, West, Ohrendorf and others were outnumbered after Heitrich's assassination, but due to the deterioration of the war situation, Schellenberg made good use of Himmler's indecision. It was planned to partially release the Jews after the withdrawal from the concentration camp in exchange for money. With the arrival of the Oder River by the Soviet Red army's large offensive in January 1945, the progress was slow because the diplomatic negotiations with the Swedish Red Cross Vernadotte had to be kept secret from Hitler and Ribbentrop. It was difficult due to the pressure of Kaltenbrunner and Gestapo's director Mueller, who thought that they should take to the Hell as many Jews as possible with them. The stage of negotiations moved from Berlin in January 1945, which was the worst bombing of World War II, to the Swedish consulate along the Baltic Sea. Vernadotte had a good impression of Schellenberg and made every effort to rescue as many Jews as possible. The most important thing was that Himmler agreed in April, and all he could do was to make Germany surrender (preferably only to the West) as soon as possible. When Hitler learned of Himmler's surrender just before his suicide, he also dismissed Schellenberg, who obeyed him, and executed his brother-in-law Fegelein as a close aide. Still, Schellenberg, who did not give up, traveled back and forth between northern Germany, Denmark and Sweden and was arrested in Denmark after the surrender of Germany.
The criminal acts committed during the war in Germany came to light, and the SS, who was the perpetrator, was also a special presence in the Nuremberg trial. The director, Himmler, committed suicide, and Heitrich assassinated, so his successor, RSHA director Kaltenbrunner took the defendant's seat. Kaltenbrunner had a very bad reputation in the U.K. and the U.S. for lynching of British and American crashed aviators, and the death penalty was certain like Göring and Ribbentrop. Schellenberg, the general head of all German intelligence agencies, gave unfavorable testimony to the defendant. Considering the unusually light 7-year prison sentence later, I wonder if there was a plea bargain. Of the 12 Nuremberg Subsequent Trials, the Ministers’Trial received the highest attention. There were many senior officials such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and bank executives, but from the SS, it was Berger and Schellenberg, the former being the general manager of the Economic Management Division. This ministers’trial, which has the most senior officials, was a trial where no one was sentenced to death. Nazi Germany has the image of a fanatical group, but in fact, they were unruly people who stood around really well as shown in this minister's trial.
