The Secret History of the Tripartite Alliance
Ribbentrop（Episode３）
Anticomintern Pacts
"No Hitler without Lenin" and "No fascism without socialism" are the most important keywords in the interwar period. In this secret history of the Tripartite Alliance, Britain appears frequently, but since Germany is going to dominate Eastern Europe, let's acknowledge Britain's naval dominance. At first, they tried to use diplomacy, but they failed and resorted to military force. Germany's ultimate enemies were Russia and socialism. Aside from Russia's geographic location becoming the object of Germany's living space(lebesraum in German), why is this socialism so hated? Because it denies private property? Do so many people, myself included, have so much private property that they don't want it taken? Are you desperately trying to protect it just because you only have a little? This can be said to some extent. The issue of the dual class nature of peasants has often been taken up in world history, and they were revolutionary until they acquired land, and conservative just after that. Socialism actually has a cross-sectionalor in a sense horizontal nature, and the nations, companies, and families in the world all operate vertically, but socialism tries to cross-cut them, so society is confused and the nation is confused. Many people will feel disgust at even companies and families being denied As long as socialism was an idea or an organization, it was fine, but when the Russian Revolution did create a socialist state, the story changed. Moreover, the theory of the world revolution is trying to export the revolution to the world,particularly to Germany,France,England and America so each country tries to suppress the prevalence of the revolution, but it also at last fails. Although the socialization of Europe as a whole failed, the Comintern would create each communist party in Asia and Africa and aim for socialization. This socialist movement and fascist movement are linked afterward to the end.
In World War I, Japan was the winner and Germany the loser. Each had their own dissatisfaction, but the dissatisfaction did not surface due to the booming economy and the progress of democracy. However, this dissatisfaction surfaced when recessions such as the Great Depression hit. In Germany, the number of seats in the National Assembly of the Nazi Party increased dramatically, and in Japan, young navy officers joined forces with the private right wing due to dissatisfaction with the ratio of auxiliary ships to Britain and the United States in the London Naval Treaty. Terrorist incidents occurred frequently almost at the same time as the rise of the Nazi party, including the assassination of Prime Minister Hamaguchi, the March Incident, the October Incident, the Blood Alliance Incident, and the May 15 Incident. The lenient punishment of the perpetrators in this incident contrasted sharply with the harshness of the suppression of the Communist Party during the same period, but it gave rise to the next Nini-roku Incident, but the violent line that emphasized terrorism so far ended in failure, unwillingly antagonizing the Emperor Hirohito. This would lead to the legitimacy of the army control group or Touseiha in Japanese, strengthening of cooperation with Germany and Italy, and confrontation with Britain and the United States.
Japan, surprisingly, did not think at all that a Hitler regime would come into being, even though it was said that this cooperation with Germany and Italy would come to fruition. In the first place, due to the disregard for Germany after the First World War, the diplomatic missions abroad only communicated the government's official announcements to the home country. At the end of 1932, Yosuke Matsuoka and others, who stopped in Berlin on their way to the General Assembly of the League of Nations in Geneva, also expected that the Hitler regime would be over and that the political situation would be stabilized by President Hindenburg, his favorite Papen, and General Schleicher of the military. After that, the exclusion of the Strassers, the talks at Schroeder's house, and the secret talks between the president's son Oscar and Hitler at the Ribbentrop house talks did not reach Japan at all.
When the Hitler regime came into being, Japan had no choice but to respond from the level of what the Nazis were and what kind of person Hitler was. Baron Neurath, a former ambassador to Britain and a professional diplomat, was appointed as Foreign Minister, but Hitler was surrounded by Harvard graduate Hanfstengl and Russian expert Rosenberg, but Nazi foreign policy was led by Ribbentrop. It was to be led, but Foreign Minister Neurath deliberately acquiesced in order to make it fail. On the other hand, around this time, Japan also appointed as ambassador to Germany Vicount Kouji Mushanokoji, a professional diplomat from the nobility. Because he was wary of conflicts with pro Anglo-American factions such as Shigenori TOGO, Mamoru Shigemitsu, and Shigeru YOSHIDA, he half acquiesced.
Military attachè Oshima arrived in Berlin in May 1934, but returned to Japan temporarily and reported to Minister Blomberg via Chief Cabinet Secretary Reichenau about his favorable impression of the Japanese army. The connection with them was also early. In early 1935, Friedrich Hack, who was involved in the export of German weapons to Japan, asked Oshima, ``Ribbentrop wants to meet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Yamamoto had just attended the preliminary naval disarmament negotiations in London as a naval representative. The bargaining power there probably reached Ribbentrop. In the end, the two did not get along, but military officer Oshima felt that he was serious about the anti-Soviet alliance between Germany and Japan, and wrote in his eldest son's book "My Father" that Oshima often visited Ribbentrop's residence. There is. Due to the busy diplomatic schedule of Germany's declaration of rearmament, the Stresa Conference, the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, and the Franco-Soviet Mutual Assistance Treaty, etc., Japan-Germany ties were temporarily suspended, but they resumed around summer, and in the end, Negotiations began in earnest as an anti-Soviet agreement. Even if this was reported to the Japanese General Staff, it had to start from the stage of examining what kind of person Ribbentrop was in the first place. It also may have been . Even Japanese Foreign Minister Hirota was unaware of this rapprochement between Japan and Germany. Raumer, a subordinate of Ribbentrop, who drafted the draft, judged that if the agreement was a defensive agreement against international communism, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs would agree with it if it was a light gray relationship, so the agreement would be concluded quickly. Due to the threat of encirclement of Germany by the socialist bloc of West France and the Soviet Union due to the Spanish civil war, "some action in case the Soviet Union wants to attack" was included in the attached secret agreement.
With the Berlin Olympics in between, negotiations between Japan and Germany reached the final stage. Ribbentrop was appointed ambassador to England and used the Olympics to encourage Britain's participation in the Anti-Comintern Pact, inviting many British celebrities to his mansion in Dahlem using two tennis courts. It did not accept the trade-off between German control of Eastern Europe and British control of the sea. Germany changed Article 2 of the Attached Secrecy Clause from "not to conclude a treaty inconsistent with the provisions" to "not to conclude a treaty inconsistent with the spirit". We knew that we would be able to conclude a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, but Ambassador Mushanokoji and Military Attaché Oshima decided not to rehash it because the Privy Council was deliberating on it in Japan. The responsibility of the two who neglected their efforts to make it perfect is extremely large. Germany's excuse at the time of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact three years later was this "spirit". If the "regulations" had remained as they were, the aspect of World War II might have changed significantly. In addition, advance notice to England was also canceled by Oshima. After the provisional signing, they waited for their return from London, and the final conclusion was reached. The signing ceremony ended in the morning, and in the evening, a dinner party was held at the Japanese embassy. Celebrations were also held in Japan, sparking a German boom among moody Japanese, but few, like Shigeru Yoshida and Shigenori Togo, believe that this agreement will end up turning Britain and the United States into enemies. The Anti-Comintern Pact was extremely unpopular among Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and other countries, and Italy joined the pact immediately after the signing ceremony, but it was postponed.
The signing ceremony of the Trilateral Defense against Communism Pact between Japan, Germany, and Italy was decided to be signed at Rome with Hitler's crane cry or one voice from the top, and it was signed at the Pheasant Palace in Rome. Ribbentrop after that returned to London as the German ambassador to England, and Shigenori TOgo, who was pro-British and American, was assigned to Berlin. In place of New Year's greetings, Genaral Oshima even had time to visit Sonnenburg, one of Ribbentrop's villas, and enjoy fatty eels from the nearby lake cooked by Mrs. Annelies of Ribbentrop herself. Both Japan and Germany were busy in the first half of 1938, but after the Japanese Army executives' meeting in June confirmed that they would take a hard-line approach to Great Britain and the United States by strengthening cooperation with Germany and Italy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Navy began to work together. However, the Axis faction mainly in the army increased its influence and began to move to upgrade the Anti-Comintern Pact to a further military alliance. Around this time, the documents exchanged between Oshima and Ribbentrop became the original text of the Tripartite Alliance, and the leaders of the Japanese government, who were preoccupied with the Wuhan operation in the continent of China, had little involvement in this matter. Just around this time, the army, which felt the strength of the Soviet Union through skirmishes with the Soviet Union, decided to advance southwards, dealing well with the Soviet Union, following the policy of the Touseiha or southward-oriented military faction after the Nini-Roku Incident. At that time, Ribbentrop sounded out a military alliance that would target not only the Soviet Union but all hostile countries that would indicate America. It was done.
In World War I, Japan was the winner and Germany the loser. Each had their own dissatisfaction, but the dissatisfaction did not surface due to the booming economy and the progress of democracy. However, this dissatisfaction surfaced when recessions such as the Great Depression hit. In Germany, the number of seats in the National Assembly of the Nazi Party increased dramatically, and in Japan, young navy officers joined forces with the private right wing due to dissatisfaction with the ratio of auxiliary ships to Britain and the United States in the London Naval Treaty. Terrorist incidents occurred frequently almost at the same time as the rise of the Nazi party, including the assassination of Prime Minister Hamaguchi, the March Incident, the October Incident, the Blood Alliance Incident, and the May 15 Incident. The lenient punishment of the perpetrators in this incident contrasted sharply with the harshness of the suppression of the Communist Party during the same period, but it gave rise to the next Nini-roku Incident, but the violent line that emphasized terrorism so far ended in failure, unwillingly antagonizing the Emperor Hirohito. This would lead to the legitimacy of the army control group or Touseiha in Japanese, strengthening of cooperation with Germany and Italy, and confrontation with Britain and the United States.
Japan, surprisingly, did not think at all that a Hitler regime would come into being, even though it was said that this cooperation with Germany and Italy would come to fruition. In the first place, due to the disregard for Germany after the First World War, the diplomatic missions abroad only communicated the government's official announcements to the home country. At the end of 1932, Yosuke Matsuoka and others, who stopped in Berlin on their way to the General Assembly of the League of Nations in Geneva, also expected that the Hitler regime would be over and that the political situation would be stabilized by President Hindenburg, his favorite Papen, and General Schleicher of the military. After that, the exclusion of the Strassers, the talks at Schroeder's house, and the secret talks between the president's son Oscar and Hitler at the Ribbentrop house talks did not reach Japan at all.
When the Hitler regime came into being, Japan had no choice but to respond from the level of what the Nazis were and what kind of person Hitler was. Baron Neurath, a former ambassador to Britain and a professional diplomat, was appointed as Foreign Minister, but Hitler was surrounded by Harvard graduate Hanfstengl and Russian expert Rosenberg, but Nazi foreign policy was led by Ribbentrop. It was to be led, but Foreign Minister Neurath deliberately acquiesced in order to make it fail. On the other hand, around this time, Japan also appointed as ambassador to Germany Vicount Kouji Mushanokoji, a professional diplomat from the nobility. Because he was wary of conflicts with pro Anglo-American factions such as Shigenori TOGO, Mamoru Shigemitsu, and Shigeru YOSHIDA, he half acquiesced.
Military attachè Oshima arrived in Berlin in May 1934, but returned to Japan temporarily and reported to Minister Blomberg via Chief Cabinet Secretary Reichenau about his favorable impression of the Japanese army. The connection with them was also early. In early 1935, Friedrich Hack, who was involved in the export of German weapons to Japan, asked Oshima, ``Ribbentrop wants to meet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Yamamoto had just attended the preliminary naval disarmament negotiations in London as a naval representative. The bargaining power there probably reached Ribbentrop. In the end, the two did not get along, but military officer Oshima felt that he was serious about the anti-Soviet alliance between Germany and Japan, and wrote in his eldest son's book "My Father" that Oshima often visited Ribbentrop's residence. There is. Due to the busy diplomatic schedule of Germany's declaration of rearmament, the Stresa Conference, the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, and the Franco-Soviet Mutual Assistance Treaty, etc., Japan-Germany ties were temporarily suspended, but they resumed around summer, and in the end, Negotiations began in earnest as an anti-Soviet agreement. Even if this was reported to the Japanese General Staff, it had to start from the stage of examining what kind of person Ribbentrop was in the first place. It also may have been . Even Japanese Foreign Minister Hirota was unaware of this rapprochement between Japan and Germany. Raumer, a subordinate of Ribbentrop, who drafted the draft, judged that if the agreement was a defensive agreement against international communism, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs would agree with it if it was a light gray relationship, so the agreement would be concluded quickly. Due to the threat of encirclement of Germany by the socialist bloc of West France and the Soviet Union due to the Spanish civil war, "some action in case the Soviet Union wants to attack" was included in the attached secret agreement.
With the Berlin Olympics in between, negotiations between Japan and Germany reached the final stage. Ribbentrop was appointed ambassador to England and used the Olympics to encourage Britain's participation in the Anti-Comintern Pact, inviting many British celebrities to his mansion in Dahlem using two tennis courts. It did not accept the trade-off between German control of Eastern Europe and British control of the sea. Germany changed Article 2 of the Attached Secrecy Clause from "not to conclude a treaty inconsistent with the provisions" to "not to conclude a treaty inconsistent with the spirit". We knew that we would be able to conclude a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, but Ambassador Mushanokoji and Military Attaché Oshima decided not to rehash it because the Privy Council was deliberating on it in Japan. The responsibility of the two who neglected their efforts to make it perfect is extremely large. Germany's excuse at the time of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact three years later was this "spirit". If the "regulations" had remained as they were, the aspect of World War II might have changed significantly. In addition, advance notice to England was also canceled by Oshima. After the provisional signing, they waited for their return from London, and the final conclusion was reached. The signing ceremony ended in the morning, and in the evening, a dinner party was held at the Japanese embassy. Celebrations were also held in Japan, sparking a German boom among moody Japanese, but few, like Shigeru Yoshida and Shigenori Togo, believe that this agreement will end up turning Britain and the United States into enemies. The Anti-Comintern Pact was extremely unpopular among Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and other countries, and Italy joined the pact immediately after the signing ceremony, but it was postponed.
The signing ceremony of the Trilateral Defense against Communism Pact between Japan, Germany, and Italy was decided to be signed at Rome with Hitler's crane cry or one voice from the top, and it was signed at the Pheasant Palace in Rome. Ribbentrop after that returned to London as the German ambassador to England, and Shigenori TOgo, who was pro-British and American, was assigned to Berlin. In place of New Year's greetings, Genaral Oshima even had time to visit Sonnenburg, one of Ribbentrop's villas, and enjoy fatty eels from the nearby lake cooked by Mrs. Annelies of Ribbentrop herself. Both Japan and Germany were busy in the first half of 1938, but after the Japanese Army executives' meeting in June confirmed that they would take a hard-line approach to Great Britain and the United States by strengthening cooperation with Germany and Italy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Navy began to work together. However, the Axis faction mainly in the army increased its influence and began to move to upgrade the Anti-Comintern Pact to a further military alliance. Around this time, the documents exchanged between Oshima and Ribbentrop became the original text of the Tripartite Alliance, and the leaders of the Japanese government, who were preoccupied with the Wuhan operation in the continent of China, had little involvement in this matter. Just around this time, the army, which felt the strength of the Soviet Union through skirmishes with the Soviet Union, decided to advance southwards, dealing well with the Soviet Union, following the policy of the Touseiha or southward-oriented military faction after the Nini-Roku Incident. At that time, Ribbentrop sounded out a military alliance that would target not only the Soviet Union but all hostile countries that would indicate America. It was done.
